Python - Revision history

Techbot at 18:49, 11 October 2021

2021-10-11T18:49:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:49, 11 October 2021
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	* [[Machine Learning]], [[Deep Learning]] using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])		* [[Machine Learning]], [[Deep Learning]] using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])

	* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]		* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]

	Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.		Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.

	= Package Manager =		= Package Manager =

	* Miniconda is a minimal installer of conda		* Miniconda is a minimal installer of conda
	* Conda is an open-source package management system and environment management system that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Conda quickly installs, runs, and updates packages and their dependencies. Conda easily creates, saves, loads, and switches between environments on your local computer. It was created for Python programs but it can package and distribute software for any language.		* Conda is an open-source package management system and environment management system that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Conda quickly installs, runs, and updates packages and their dependencies. Conda easily creates, saves, loads, and switches between environments on your local computer. It was created for Python programs but it can package and distribute software for any language.

	=Statements and control flow=		= Tips =
			* Use vector operations over loops when possible
			* Kow your data structures and which methods are faster

			= Statements and control flow =
	Python's Statement include (among others):		Python's Statement include (among others):
	* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.		* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.

Techbot at 21:54, 1 September 2021

2021-09-01T21:54:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 1 September 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.		Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.

	The standard ~~prrogramming~~ language for data science and for us especially:		The standard programming language for data science and for us especially:

	* [[Machine Learning]], [[Deep Learning]] using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])		* [[Machine Learning]], [[Deep Learning]] using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])
Line 8:		Line 8:

	Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.		Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.
			= Package Manager =
			* Miniconda is a minimal installer of conda
			* Conda is an open-source package management system and environment management system that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Conda quickly installs, runs, and updates packages and their dependencies. Conda easily creates, saves, loads, and switches between environments on your local computer. It was created for Python programs but it can package and distribute software for any language.

	===Statements and control flow===		=Statements and control flow=
	Python's Statement include (among others):		Python's Statement include (among others):
	* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.		* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.

Techbot at 23:52, 25 August 2021

2021-08-25T23:52:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:52, 26 August 2021
Line 35:		Line 35:
	* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.		* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.
	* The <code>include directive\|import</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.		* The <code>include directive\|import</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.




			= Essential Software =
			== Tensorflow ==

			== Librosa ==

			== Keras ==

			== Music21 ==

			== Matplotlib ==
			Graphing and visual displays in Music21 are provided by Matplotlib. Matplotlib itself has additional dependencies (such as NumPy).

			On Mac if you are using the version from python.org, run:

			pip3 install matplotlib

			and you should be set. If you are using a version from anaconda (conda, miniconda, etc.), you should run these lines:

			conda install matplotlib
			conda install python.app
			numpy
			Numeric extensions to Python. Included with Matplotlib.

			On Mac if you are using the version of python 3 from python.org, run:

			pip3 install numpy
			and you should be set.

			== scipy ==
			Scientific extensions to Python. These are used to accelerate audio searching and fast-Fourier transforms in music21. If you will only be using symbolic music, it is not used, and not essential in any case.

			On Mac if you are using the version from python.org, run:

			pip3 install scipy
			and you should be set.

			== pyaudio ==
			Allows for recording within python. We use it for the audioSearch module, and nowhere else. Not essential. Requires portaudio and, on the Mac, the XCode command-line development tools.

			On the Mac, run:

			xcode-select --install
			brew install portaudio
			pip3 install pyaudio

			== pygame ==
			Allows for realtime MIDI performance. We use it in the midi.realtime module, and nowhere else. It is therefore not essential.

			On the Mac, run:

			pip3 install pygame
			Installing Additional Software Components
			Additional functionality of music21 is available with the installation of numerous helper applications. While not essential for all applications, these tools will aid in working with music21.

			== MuseScore ==
			MuseScore offers a free, full-featured, cross-platform (Windows, Mac OS, Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora) application for viewing and editing music notation. MuseScore can import and export MusicXML, and provides an excellent way to view, edit, and export musical data for working in music21. Downloading MuseScore (version 2 or higher) is highly recommended for working with music21.

			https://musescore.org/en

			== Lilypond ==
			Lilypond is a free, open-source music display program that can produce beautiful scores. Music21 can generate PDF or PNG (like JPG) files automatically if Lilypond is installed on your system. Download it at:

			http://lilypond.org/

Techbot at 20:06, 25 August 2021

2021-08-25T20:06:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:06, 25 August 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially:		The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially:

	* ~~machine learning~~, ~~deep-learning~~ using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])		* [[Machine Learning]], [[Deep Learning]] using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])

	* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]		* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]

Techbot at 20:04, 25 August 2021

2021-08-25T20:04:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 25 August 2021
Line 18:		Line 18:
	* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.		* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.

	* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.		* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.

	* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.		* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.

	* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.		* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.
	* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[~~function~~ (~~computing~~)\|~~function~~]] or [[~~method (computing)~~\|~~method~~]].		* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a function or method.

			* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing resource acquisition is initialization (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.

	* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.		* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
	* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.		* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.

Techbot: /* Statements and control flow */

2021-08-25T20:02:49Z

Statements and control flow

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:02, 25 August 2021
Line 10:		Line 10:

	===Statements and control flow===		===Statements and control flow===
	Python's [[Statement ~~(computer science)\|statements]]~~ include (among others):		Python's Statement include (among others):
	* The [[Assignment (computer science)\|assignment]] statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.		* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.
	* The <code>[[if-then-else\|if]]</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).		* The <code>if-then-else\|if</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).
	* The <code>[[Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
	* The <code>[[While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.		* The <code>Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
	* The <code>[[Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.
			* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.

			* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.

	* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.		* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.
	* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a [[class (computer science)\|class]], for use in object-oriented programming.
			* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.
	* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].		* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].
	* The <code>[[dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with]]</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
			* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.		* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
	* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.		* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.
	* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.		* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.
	* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.		* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.
	* The <code>[[assertion (programming)\|assert]]</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.		* The <code>assertion (programming)\|assert</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.
	* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a [[generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator]] function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement ~~[[coroutine]]s~~.		* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement coroutines.
	* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.		* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.
	* The <code>[[include directive\|import]]</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.		* The <code>include directive\|import</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.

	The assignment statement (<code>=</code>) operates by binding a name as a [[pointer (computer programming)\|reference]] to a separate, dynamically-allocated [[object (computer science)\|object]]. Variables may be subsequently rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder and does not have a fixed [[Type system\|data type]] associated with it. However, at a given time, a variable will refer to ''some'' object, which will have a type. This is referred to as [[dynamic type\|dynamic typing]] and is contrasted with [[statically-typed]] programming languages, where each variable may only contain values of a certain type.

	Python does not support [[tail call]] optimization or [[first-class continuations]], and, according to Guido van Rossum, it never will.<ref name="AutoNT-55" /><ref name="AutoNT-56" /> However, better support for [[coroutine]]-like functionality is provided, by extending Python's [[generator (computer programming)\|generators]].<ref name="AutoNT-57" /> Before 2.5, generators were [[lazy evaluation\|lazy]] [[iterator]]s; information was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5, it is possible to pass information back into a generator function, and from Python 3.3, the information can be passed through multiple stack levels.<ref name="AutoNT-58" />

Techbot at 19:59, 25 August 2021

2021-08-25T19:59:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:59, 25 August 2021
Line 7:		Line 7:
	* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]		* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]

	Also used to ~~inrterface~~ with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity.		Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.

			===Statements and control flow===
			Python's [[Statement (computer science)\|statements]] include (among others):
			* The [[Assignment (computer science)\|assignment]] statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.
			* The <code>[[if-then-else\|if]]</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).
			* The <code>[[Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
			* The <code>[[While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.
			* The <code>[[Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.
			* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.
			* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a [[class (computer science)\|class]], for use in object-oriented programming.
			* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].
			* The <code>[[dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with]]</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
			* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
			* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.
			* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.
			* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.
			* The <code>[[assertion (programming)\|assert]]</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.
			* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a [[generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator]] function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement [[coroutine]]s.
			* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.
			* The <code>[[include directive\|import]]</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.

			The assignment statement (<code>=</code>) operates by binding a name as a [[pointer (computer programming)\|reference]] to a separate, dynamically-allocated [[object (computer science)\|object]]. Variables may be subsequently rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder and does not have a fixed [[Type system\|data type]] associated with it. However, at a given time, a variable will refer to ''some'' object, which will have a type. This is referred to as [[dynamic type\|dynamic typing]] and is contrasted with [[statically-typed]] programming languages, where each variable may only contain values of a certain type.

			Python does not support [[tail call]] optimization or [[first-class continuations]], and, according to Guido van Rossum, it never will.<ref name="AutoNT-55" /><ref name="AutoNT-56" /> However, better support for [[coroutine]]-like functionality is provided, by extending Python's [[generator (computer programming)\|generators]].<ref name="AutoNT-57" /> Before 2.5, generators were [[lazy evaluation\|lazy]] [[iterator]]s; information was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5, it is possible to pass information back into a generator function, and from Python 3.3, the information can be passed through multiple stack levels.<ref name="AutoNT-58" />

Techbot at 19:55, 25 August 2021

2021-08-25T19:55:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 25 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.

	The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially:		The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially:

Techbot: Created page with "The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially: * machine learning, deep-learning using tensorflow or pytorch) * audio analysis and manipu..."

2021-08-25T18:26:29Z

Created page with "The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially: * machine learning, deep-learning using tensorflow or pytorch) * audio analysis and manipu..."

New page

The standard prrogramming language for data science and for us especially:

* machine learning, deep-learning using [[tensorflow]] or [[pytorch]])

* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]

Also used to inrterface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 25 August 2021
Line 18:		Line 18:
	* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.		* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.

	* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.		* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.

	* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.		* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.

	* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.		* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.
	* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[~~function~~ (~~computing~~)\|~~function~~]] or [[~~method (computing)~~\|~~method~~]].		* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a function or method.

			* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing resource acquisition is initialization (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.

	* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.		* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
	* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.		* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:02, 25 August 2021
Line 10:		Line 10:

	===Statements and control flow===		===Statements and control flow===
	Python's [[Statement ~~(computer science)\|statements]]~~ include (among others):		Python's Statement include (among others):
	* The [[Assignment (computer science)\|assignment]] statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.		* The Assignment (computer science)\|assignment statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.
	* The <code>[[if-then-else\|if]]</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).		* The <code>if-then-else\|if</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).
	* The <code>[[Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
	* The <code>[[While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.		* The <code>Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
	* The <code>[[Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.
			* The <code>While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.

			* The <code>Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.

	* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.		* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.
	* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a [[class (computer science)\|class]], for use in object-oriented programming.
			* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class (computer science)\|class, for use in object-oriented programming.
	* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].		* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].
	* The <code>[[dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with]]</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
			* The <code>dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.		* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
	* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.		* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.
	* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.		* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.
	* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.		* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.
	* The <code>[[assertion (programming)\|assert]]</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.		* The <code>assertion (programming)\|assert</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.
	* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a [[generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator]] function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement ~~[[coroutine]]s~~.		* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement coroutines.
	* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.		* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.
	* The <code>[[include directive\|import]]</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.		* The <code>include directive\|import</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.

	The assignment statement (<code>=</code>) operates by binding a name as a [[pointer (computer programming)\|reference]] to a separate, dynamically-allocated [[object (computer science)\|object]]. Variables may be subsequently rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder and does not have a fixed [[Type system\|data type]] associated with it. However, at a given time, a variable will refer to ''some'' object, which will have a type. This is referred to as [[dynamic type\|dynamic typing]] and is contrasted with [[statically-typed]] programming languages, where each variable may only contain values of a certain type.

	Python does not support [[tail call]] optimization or [[first-class continuations]], and, according to Guido van Rossum, it never will.<ref name="AutoNT-55" /><ref name="AutoNT-56" /> However, better support for [[coroutine]]-like functionality is provided, by extending Python's [[generator (computer programming)\|generators]].<ref name="AutoNT-57" /> Before 2.5, generators were [[lazy evaluation\|lazy]] [[iterator]]s; information was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5, it is possible to pass information back into a generator function, and from Python 3.3, the information can be passed through multiple stack levels.<ref name="AutoNT-58" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:59, 25 August 2021
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	* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]		* audio analysis and manipulation using [[librosa]]

	Also used to ~~inrterface~~ with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity.		Also used to interface with 3d software such as poser 3d/blender and audacity and Libre Office.

			===Statements and control flow===
			Python's [[Statement (computer science)\|statements]] include (among others):
			* The [[Assignment (computer science)\|assignment]] statement, using a single equals sign <code>=</code>.
			* The <code>[[if-then-else\|if]]</code> statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with <code>else</code> and <code>elif</code> (a contraction of else-if).
			* The <code>[[Foreach#Python\|for]]</code> statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block.
			* The <code>[[While loop#Python\|while]]</code> statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true.
			* The <code>[[Exception handling syntax#Python\|try]]</code> statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by <code>except</code> clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a <code>finally</code> block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.
			* The <code>raise</code> statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception.
			* The <code>class</code> statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a [[class (computer science)\|class]], for use in object-oriented programming.
			* The <code>def</code> statement, which defines a [[function (computing)\|function]] or [[method (computing)\|method]].
			* The <code>[[dispose pattern#Language constructs\|with]]</code> statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a [[lock (computer science)\|lock]] before the block of code is run and releasing the lock afterwards, or opening a [[Computer file\|file]] and then closing it), allowing [[resource acquisition is initialization\|resource-acquisition-is-initialization]] (RAII)-like behavior and replaces a common try/finally idiom.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|title=Highlights: Python 2.5\|website=Python.org\|access-date=20 March 2018\|archive-date=4 August 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804120408/https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/highlights/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
			* The [[break statement\|<code>break</code>]] statement, exits from a loop.
			* The <code>continue</code> statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.
			* The <code>del</code> statement, removes a variable, which means the reference from the name to the value is deleted and trying to use that variable will cause an error. A deleted variable can be reassigned.
			* The <code>pass</code> statement, which serves as a [[NOP (code)\|NOP]]. It is syntactically needed to create an empty code block.
			* The <code>[[assertion (programming)\|assert]]</code> statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that should apply.
			* The <code>yield</code> statement, which returns a value from a [[generator (computer programming)#Python\|generator]] function and <code>yield</code> is also an operator. This form is used to implement [[coroutine]]s.
			* The <code>return</code> statement, used to return a value from a function.
			* The <code>[[include directive\|import]]</code> statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program.

			The assignment statement (<code>=</code>) operates by binding a name as a [[pointer (computer programming)\|reference]] to a separate, dynamically-allocated [[object (computer science)\|object]]. Variables may be subsequently rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder and does not have a fixed [[Type system\|data type]] associated with it. However, at a given time, a variable will refer to ''some'' object, which will have a type. This is referred to as [[dynamic type\|dynamic typing]] and is contrasted with [[statically-typed]] programming languages, where each variable may only contain values of a certain type.

			Python does not support [[tail call]] optimization or [[first-class continuations]], and, according to Guido van Rossum, it never will.<ref name="AutoNT-55" /><ref name="AutoNT-56" /> However, better support for [[coroutine]]-like functionality is provided, by extending Python's [[generator (computer programming)\|generators]].<ref name="AutoNT-57" /> Before 2.5, generators were [[lazy evaluation\|lazy]] [[iterator]]s; information was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5, it is possible to pass information back into a generator function, and from Python 3.3, the information can be passed through multiple stack levels.<ref name="AutoNT-58" />