Sox - Revision history

Techbot: /* Playing & Recording Audio */

2021-09-02T16:48:31Z

Playing & Recording Audio

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, 2 September 2021
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	sox ... −t oss		sox ... −t oss
	or		or
	set AUDIODEV=hw:~~soundwave~~,1,2		set AUDIODEV=hw:Conexant,1,2
	play ...		play ...
	sox ... −t alsa		sox ... −t alsa

Techbot: /* Playing & Recording Audio */

2021-09-02T16:45:36Z

Playing & Recording Audio

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 2 September 2021
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	== Playing & Recording Audio ==		== Playing & Recording Audio ==

	The play and rec commands are provided so that basic playing and recording is as simple as		The play and rec commands are provided so that basic playing and recording is as simple as

	play existing-file.wav		play existing-file.wav

	and		and
	rec new-file.wav		rec new-file.wav

	These two c ommands are functionally equivalent to		These two c ommands are functionally equivalent to
	sox existing-file.wav −d		sox existing-file.wav −d

	and		and
	sox −d new-file.wav		sox −d new-file.wav

	Of course, further options and effects (as described below) can be added to the commands in either form.		Of course, further options and effects (as described below) can be added to the commands in either form.
	~~* * *~~
			Some systems provide more than one type of (SoX-compatible) audio driver, e.g. ALSA & OSS, or SUNAU & AO. S ystems can also have more than one audio device (a.k.a. ‘sound card’). If more than one audio driver h as been built-in to SoX, and the default selected by SoX when recording or playing is not the one that is wanted, then the AUDIODRIVER environment variable can be used to override the default.
	Some systems provide more than one type of (SoX-compatible) audio driver, e.g. ALSA & OSS, or		For example (on many systems):
	SUNAU & AO. S ystems can also have more than one audio device (a.k.a. ‘sound card’). If more than one
	audio driver h as been built-in to SoX, and the default selected by SoX when recording or playing is not the
	one that is wanted, then the AUDIODRIVER environment variable can be used to override the default.
	For ~~e xample~~ (on many ~~s ystems~~):

	set AUDIODRIVER=oss		set AUDIODRIVER=oss
	play ...		play ...
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	play ...		play ...
	sox ... −t oss		sox ... −t oss

	or		or

	set AUDIODEV=hw:soundwave,1,2		set AUDIODEV=hw:soundwave,1,2
	play ...		play ...
	sox ... −t alsa		sox ... −t alsa
			Note that the way of setting environment variables varies from system to system—for some specific examples, see ‘SOX_OPTS’ below.

	~~Note that the way of setting environment variables varies from system to system—for some specific exam-~~		When playing a file with a sample rate that is not supported by the audio output device, SoX will automatically invoke the rate effect to perform the necessary sample rate conversion. For compatibility with old hardware, the default rate quality level i s s et to ‘low’. This can be changed by explicitly specifying the rate effect with a different quality level, e.g.
	~~ples, see ‘SOX_OPTS’ below.~~

	When playing a file with a sample rate that is not supported by the audio output device, SoX will ~~automati-~~
	~~cally~~ invoke the rate effect to perform the necessary sample rate conversion. For compatibility with old
	hardware, the default rate quality level i s s et to ‘low’. This can be changed by explicitly specifying the rate
	effect with a different quality level, e.g.

	play ... rate −m		play ... rate −m
			or by using the −−play−rate−arg option (see below).

	~~or by using the −−play−rate−arg option (see below).~~		On some systems, SoX allows audio playback volume to be adjusted whilst using play. W here supported, this is achieved by t apping the ‘v’ & ‘V’ keys d uring playback.

	~~* * *~~
	On some systems, SoX allows audio playback volume to be adjusted whilst using play. W here supported,
	this is achieved by t apping the ‘v’ & ‘V’ keys d uring playback.

	To ~~h elp~~ with setting a suitable recording level, SoX includes a peak-level m eter which can be invoked		To help with setting a suitable recording level, SoX includes a peak-level m eter which can be invoked (before making the actual recording) as follows:
	(before making the actual recording) as follows:

	rec −n		rec −n

	The recording level ~~s hould~~ be adjusted (using the system-provided mixer program, not SoX) so that the		The recording level should be adjusted (using the system-provided mixer program, not SoX) so that the meter is at most occasionally full scale, and never ‘ in the red’ (an exclamation mark is shown). See also −S below.
	meter is at most occasionally full scale, and never ‘ in the red’ (an exclamation mark is shown). See also −S
	below.

	== Accuracy ==		== Accuracy ==

Techbot: /* −−no−clobber */

2021-09-02T16:34:59Z

−−no−clobber

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	enabling it.		enabling it.
	−−norm[=dB-level]		−−norm[=dB-level]

	Automatically invoke the gain effect to guard against clipping and to normalise the audio. E.g.		Automatically invoke the gain effect to guard against clipping and to normalise the audio. E.g.

	sox −−norm infile −b 16 outfile rate 44100 dither −s		sox −−norm infile −b 16 outfile rate 44100 dither −s
	is shorthand for		is shorthand for
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	Optionally, t he audio can be normalized to a given l ev el ( usually) below 0 d BFS:		Optionally, t he audio can be normalized to a given l ev el ( usually) below 0 d BFS:
	sox −−norm=−3 infile outfile		sox −−norm=−3 infile outfile

	See also −V, − G, and the gain effect.		See also −V, − G, and the gain effect.
	−−play−rate−arg A RG		−−play−rate−arg A RG
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	sox −−plot octave input-file −n highpass 1320 > highpass.plt		sox −−plot octave input-file −n highpass 1320 > highpass.plt
	octave highpass.plt		octave highpass.plt
	−q, −−no−show−progress
			===== −q, −−no−show−progress =====

	Run in quiet mode when SoX wouldn’t o therwise do so. This is the opposite of the −S option.		Run in quiet mode when SoX wouldn’t o therwise do so. This is the opposite of the −S option.
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	dither) w ith a fixed number, t hus ensuring that successive SoX invocations with the same inputs and the same parameters yield the same output.		dither) w ith a fixed number, t hus ensuring that successive SoX invocations with the same inputs and the same parameters yield the same output.
	−−replay−gain track \| album \| off		−−replay−gain track \| album \| off
	Select whether or not to apply replay-gain adjustment to input files. The default is off for sox and rec, album for play where (at least) the first two i nput files are tagged with the same Artist and		Select whether or not to apply replay-gain adjustment to input files. The default is off for sox and rec, album for play where (at least) the first two i nput files are tagged with the same Artist and Album names, and track for play otherwise.
	Album names, and track for play otherwise.
	−S, −−show−progress		−S, −−show−progress

	Display input file format/header information, and processing progress as input file(s) percentage complete, elapsed time, and remaining time (if known; shown in brackets), and the number of samples written to the output file. Also shown is a peak-level m eter, a nd an indication if clipping has occurred. The peak-level m eter shows up to two c hannels and is calibrated for digital audio as follows (right channel shown):		Display input file format/header information, and processing progress as input file(s) percentage complete, elapsed time, and remaining time (if known; shown in brackets), and the number of samples written to the output file. Also shown is a peak-level m eter, a nd an indication if clipping has occurred. The peak-level m eter shows up to two c hannels and is calibrated for digital audio as follows (right channel shown):
	dB FSD Display dB FSD Display
			<nowiki>dB FSD Display dB FSD Display
	−25 − −11 ====		−25 − −11 ====
	−23 −9 ====−=		−23 −9 ====−=
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	−17 ==− −3 ======		−17 ==− −3 ======
	−15 === −1 =====!		−15 === −1 =====!
	−13 ===−		−13 ===−</nowiki>
	A t hree-second peak-held value of headroom in dBs will be shown to the right of the meter if this		A t hree-second peak-held value of headroom in dBs will be shown to the right of the meter if this
	is below 6 dB.		is below 6 dB.
	This option is enabled by default when using SoX to play or record audio		This option is enabled by default when using SoX to play or record audio

	~~SoX(1) Sound eXchange SoX(1)~~
	−T Equivalent to −−combine multiply.
	−−temp DIRECTORY		−T Equivalent to −−combine multiply.

			==== −−temp DIRECTORY ====
	Specify that any t emporary files should be created in the given DIRECTORY . T his can be useful if there are permission or free-space problems with the default location. In this case, using ‘−−temp		Specify that any t emporary files should be created in the given DIRECTORY . T his can be useful if there are permission or free-space problems with the default location. In this case, using ‘−−temp
	.’ ( to use the current directory) is often a good solution.		.’ ( to use the current directory) is often a good solution.
	−−version		==== −−version ====
	Show SoX’s v ersion number and exit.		Show SoX’s v ersion number and exit.
	−V[level]		−V[level]
	Set verbosity. T his is particularly useful for seeing how a ny automatic effects have been invoked		Set verbosity. T his is particularly useful for seeing how a ny automatic effects have been invoked by SoX.
	by SoX.
	SoX displays messages on the console (stderr) according to the following verbosity levels:		SoX displays messages on the console (stderr) according to the following verbosity levels:
	0 No messages are shown at all; use the exit status to determine if an error has occurred.		0 No messages are shown at all; use the exit status to determine if an error has occurred.

Techbot: /* −−no−clobber */

2021-09-02T16:32:33Z

−−no−clobber

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 2 September 2021
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	SOX_OPTS (above), a ‘shell’ alias, script, or batch file may be an appropriate way of permanently		SOX_OPTS (above), a ‘shell’ alias, script, or batch file may be an appropriate way of permanently
	enabling it.		enabling it.
	−−norm[=dB-level]		−−norm[=dB-level]
	Automatically invoke the gain effect to guard against clipping and to normalise the audio. E.g.		Automatically invoke the gain effect to guard against clipping and to normalise the audio. E.g.
	sox −−norm infile −b 16 outfile rate 44100 dither −s		sox −−norm infile −b 16 outfile rate 44100 dither −s
	is shorthand for		is shorthand for
	sox infile −b 16 outfile gain −h rate 44100 gain −nh dither −s		sox infile −b 16 outfile gain −h rate 44100 gain −nh dither −s
	Optionally, t he audio can be normalized to a given l ev el ( usually) below 0 d BFS:		Optionally, t he audio can be normalized to a given l ev el ( usually) below 0 d BFS:
	sox −−norm=−3 infile outfile		sox −−norm=−3 infile outfile
	See also −V, − G, and the gain effect.		See also −V, − G, and the gain effect.
	−−play−rate−arg A RG		−−play−rate−arg A RG
	Selects a quality option to be used when the ‘rate’ effect is automatically invoked w hilst playing		Selects a quality option to be used when the ‘rate’ effect is automatically invoked w hilst playing
	audio. This option is typically set via the SOX_OPTS environment variable (see above).		audio. This option is typically set via the SOX_OPTS environment variable (see above).
	−−plot gnuplot \| octave \| off		−−plot gnuplot \| octave \| off
	If not set to off (the default if −−plot is not given), run in a mode that can be used, in conjunction		If not set to off (the default if −−plot is not given), run in a mode that can be used, in conjunction with the gnuplot program or the GNU Octave program, to assist with the selection and configura-
	with the gnuplot program or the GNU Octave program, to assist with the selection and configura-		tion of many of t he transfer-function based effects. For the first given e ffect that supports the selected plotting program, SoX will output commands to plot the effect’s t ransfer function, and then exit without actually processing any a udio. E.g.
	tion of many of t he transfer-function based effects. For the first given e ffect that supports the
	selected plotting program, SoX will output commands to plot the effect’s t ransfer function, and
	then exit without actually processing any a udio. E.g.
	sox −−plot octave input-file −n highpass 1320 > highpass.plt		sox −−plot octave input-file −n highpass 1320 > highpass.plt
	octave highpass.plt		octave highpass.plt
	−q, −−no−show−progress		−q, −−no−show−progress

	Run in quiet mode when SoX wouldn’t o therwise do so. This is the opposite of the −S option.		Run in quiet mode when SoX wouldn’t o therwise do so. This is the opposite of the −S option.
	−R Run in ‘repeatable’ mode. When this option is given, where applicable, SoX will embed a fixed		−R Run in ‘repeatable’ mode. When this option is given, where applicable, SoX will embed a fixed time-stamp in the output file (e.g. AIFF) a nd will ‘seed’ pseudo random number generators (e.g.
	time-stamp in the output file (e.g. AIFF) a nd will ‘seed’ pseudo random number generators (e.g.		dither) w ith a fixed number, t hus ensuring that successive SoX invocations with the same inputs and the same parameters yield the same output.
	dither) w ith a fixed number, t hus ensuring that successive SoX invocations with the same inputs
	and the same parameters yield the same output.
	−−replay−gain track \| album \| off		−−replay−gain track \| album \| off
	Select whether or not to apply replay-gain adjustment to input files. The default is off for sox and		Select whether or not to apply replay-gain adjustment to input files. The default is off for sox and rec, album for play where (at least) the first two i nput files are tagged with the same Artist and
	rec, album for play where (at least) the first two i nput files are tagged with the same Artist and
	Album names, and track for play otherwise.		Album names, and track for play otherwise.
	−S, −−show−progress		−S, −−show−progress
	Display input file format/header information, and processing progress as input file(s) percentage		Display input file format/header information, and processing progress as input file(s) percentage complete, elapsed time, and remaining time (if known; shown in brackets), and the number of samples written to the output file. Also shown is a peak-level m eter, a nd an indication if clipping has occurred. The peak-level m eter shows up to two c hannels and is calibrated for digital audio as follows (right channel shown):
	complete, elapsed time, and remaining time (if known; shown in brackets), and the number of
	samples written to the output file. Also shown is a peak-level m eter, a nd an indication if clipping
	has occurred. The peak-level m eter shows up to two c hannels and is calibrated for digital audio as
	follows (right channel shown):
	dB FSD Display dB FSD Display		dB FSD Display dB FSD Display
	−25 − −11 ====		−25 − −11 ====
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	−T Equivalent to −−combine multiply.		−T Equivalent to −−combine multiply.
	−−temp DIRECTORY		−−temp DIRECTORY
	Specify that any t emporary files should be created in the given DIRECTORY . T his can be useful if		Specify that any t emporary files should be created in the given DIRECTORY . T his can be useful if there are permission or free-space problems with the default location. In this case, using ‘−−temp
	there are permission or free-space problems with the default location. In this case, using ‘−−temp
	.’ ( to use the current directory) is often a good solution.		.’ ( to use the current directory) is often a good solution.
	−−version		−−version

Techbot: /* −−no−clobber */

2021-09-02T16:30:54Z

−−no−clobber

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 2 September 2021
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	when what you really meant was		when what you really meant was

	play file1 file2 effect1 effect2 ...		play file1 file2 effect1 effect2 ...


	then, without this option, file2 will be overwritten. Hence, using this option is recommended.		then, without this option, file2 will be overwritten. Hence, using this option is recommended.
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	Messages to help with debugging SoX are also shown.		Messages to help with debugging SoX are also shown.
	By default, the verbosity level i s s et to 2 (shows errors and warnings). Each occurrence of the −V option increases the verbosity level by 1 . Alternatively, t he verbosity level c an be set to an absolute number by specifying it immediately after the −V, e .g. −V0 sets it to 0.		By default, the verbosity level i s s et to 2 (shows errors and warnings). Each occurrence of the −V option increases the verbosity level by 1 . Alternatively, t he verbosity level c an be set to an absolute number by specifying it immediately after the −V, e .g. −V0 sets it to 0.

	==== Input File Options ====		==== Input File Options ====
	These options apply only to input files and may precede only input filenames on the command line.		These options apply only to input files and may precede only input filenames on the command line.

Techbot: /* −−clobber */

2021-09-02T16:30:26Z

−−clobber

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 2 September 2021
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	==== −−clobber ====		==== −−clobber ====
	Don’t prompt before overwriting an existing file with the same name as that given f or the output file. This is the default behaviour.		Don’t prompt before overwriting an existing file with the same name as that given f or the output file. This is the default behaviour.


	==== −−combine concatenate \| merge \| mix \| mix−power \| multiply \| sequence ====		==== −−combine concatenate \| merge \| mix \| mix−power \| multiply \| sequence ====

Techbot: /* Stopping SoX */

2021-09-02T16:29:15Z

Stopping SoX

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:29, 2 September 2021
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	== Stopping SoX ==		== Stopping SoX ==

	Usually SoX will complete its processing and exit automatically once it has read all available audio data		Usually SoX will complete its processing and exit automatically once it has read all available audio data from the input files.
	from the input files.

	If desired, it can be terminated earlier by sending an interrupt signal to the process (usually by pressing the		If desired, it can be terminated earlier by sending an interrupt signal to the process (usually by pressing the keyboard interrupt key which is normally Ctrl-C). This is a natural requirement in some circumstances, e.g. when using SoX to make a r ecording. Note that when using SoX to play multiple files, Ctrl-C behaves slightly differently: pressing it once causes SoX to skip to the next file; pressing it twice in quick succession causes SoX to exit.
			Another option to stop processing early is to use an effect that has a time period or sample count to determine the stopping point. The trim effect is an example of this. Once all effects chains have stopped then SoX will also stop.
	keyboard interrupt key which is normally Ctrl-C). This is a natural requirement in some circumstances, e.g.
	when using SoX to make a r ecording. Note that when using SoX to play multiple files, Ctrl-C behaves
	slightly differently: pressing it once causes SoX to skip to the next file; pressing it twice in quick succession
	causes SoX to exit.
	Another option to stop processing early is to use an effect that has a time period or sample count to
	determine the stopping point. The trim effect is an example of this. Once all effects chains have stopped
	then SoX will also stop.

	= FILENAMES =		= FILENAMES =

Techbot: /* Special Filenames */

2021-09-02T15:13:25Z

Special Filenames

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:13, 2 September 2021
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	=== Special Filenames ===		=== Special Filenames ===

	The following special filenames may be used in certain circumstances in place of a normal filename on the		The following special filenames may be used in certain circumstances in place of a normal filename on the command line:
	command line:

	− SoX can be used in simple pipeline operations by using the special filename ‘−’ which, if used as		− SoX can be used in simple pipeline operations by using the special filename ‘−’ which, if used as
	an input filename, will cause SoX will read audio data from ‘standard input’ (stdin), and which, if used as the output filename, will cause SoX will send audio data to ‘standard output’ (stdout).		an input filename, will cause SoX will read audio data from ‘standard input’ ('''stdin'''), and which, if used as the output filename, will cause SoX will send audio data to ‘standard output’ ('''stdout''').
	Note that when using this option for the output file, and sometimes when using it for an input file, the file-type (see −t below) must also be given.
			Note that when using this option for the output file, and sometimes when using it for an input file, the file-type (see −t below) must also be given.

	==== " \| program [options] . .." ====		==== " \| program [options] . .." ====
	This can be used in place of an input filename to specify the the given program’s standard output(stdout) be used as an input file. Unlike − (above), this can be used for several inputs to one SoX command. For example, if ‘genw’ generates mono WAV formatted signals to its standard output,then the following command makes a stereo file from two generated signals:		This can be used in place of an input filename to specify the the given program’s standard output('''stdout''') be used as an input file. Unlike − (above), this can be used for several inputs to one SoX command. For example, if ‘genw’ generates mono WAV formatted signals to its standard output,then the following command makes a stereo file from two generated signals:

	sox −M "\|genw −−imd −" "\|genw −−thd −" out.wav		sox −M "\|genw −−imd −" "\|genw −−thd −" out.wav
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	==== "wildcard-filename" ====		==== "wildcard-filename" ====

	Specifies that filename ‘globbing’ (wild-card matching) should be performed by SoX instead of by		Specifies that filename ‘globbing’ (wild-card matching) should be performed by SoX instead of by the shell. This allows a single set of file options to be applied to a group of files. For e xample, if
	the shell. This allows a single set of file options to be applied to a group of files. For e xample, if		the current directory contains three ‘vox’ files, file1.vox, file2.vox, and file3.vox, then
	the current directory contains three ‘vox’ files, file1.vox, file2.vox, and file3.vox, then

	play −−rate 6k *.vox		play −−rate 6k *.vox

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	play −−rate 6k file1.vox file2.vox file3.vox		play −−rate 6k file1.vox file2.vox file3.vox

	which will treat only the first vox file as having a		which will treat only the first vox file as having a sample rate of 6k. With
	sample rate of 6k. With

	play −−rate 6k "*.vox"		play −−rate 6k "*.vox"
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	==== −p, −−sox−pipe ====		==== −p, −−sox−pipe ====

	This can be used in place of an output filename to specify that the SoX command should be used		This can be used in place of an output filename to specify that the SoX command should be used as in input pipe to another SoX command. For e xample, the command:
	as in input pipe to another SoX command. For e xample, the command:

	play "\|sox −n −p synth 2" "\|sox −n −p synth 2 tremolo 10" stat		play "\|sox −n −p synth 2" "\|sox −n −p synth 2 tremolo 10" stat
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	==== −d, −−default−device ====		==== −d, −−default−device ====

	This can be used in place of an input or output filename to specify that the default audio device (if		This can be used in place of an input or output filename to specify that the default audio device (if one has been built into SoX) is to be used. This is akin to invoking rec or play (as described above).
	one has been built into SoX) is to be used. This is akin to invoking rec or play (as described
	above).

	==== -n, −−null ====		==== -n, −−null ====

Techbot: /* " | program [options] . .." */

2021-09-02T15:10:52Z

" | program [options] . .."

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:10, 2 September 2021
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	Note that when using this option for the output file, and sometimes when using it for an input file, the file-type (see −t below) must also be given.		Note that when using this option for the output file, and sometimes when using it for an input file, the file-type (see −t below) must also be given.
	==== " \| program [options] . .." ====		==== " \| program [options] . .." ====
	This can be used in place of an input filename to specify the the given ~~p rogram’s s tandard~~ output(stdout) be used as an input file. Unlike − (above), this can be used for several inputs to one SoX command. For example, if ‘genw’ generates mono WAV formatted signals to its standard output,		This can be used in place of an input filename to specify the the given program’s standard output(stdout) be used as an input file. Unlike − (above), this can be used for several inputs to one SoX command. For example, if ‘genw’ generates mono WAV formatted signals to its standard output,then the following command makes a stereo file from two generated signals:
	then the following command makes a stereo file from two ~~g enerated~~ signals:
	sox −M "\|genw −−imd −" "\|genw −−thd −" out.wav		sox −M "\|genw −−imd −" "\|genw −−thd −" out.wav
	For ~~h eaderless~~ (raw) audio, −t (and perhaps other format options) will need to be given, preceding the input command.
			For headerless (raw) audio, −t (and perhaps other format options) will need to be given, preceding the input command.

	==== "wildcard-filename" ====		==== "wildcard-filename" ====

Techbot: /* −−clobber */

2021-09-02T14:29:48Z

−−clobber

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 2 September 2021
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	===== −−combine concatenate \| merge \| mix \| mix−power \| multiply \| sequence =====		==== −−combine concatenate \| merge \| mix \| mix−power \| multiply \| sequence ====

	Select the input file combining method; for some of these, short options are available: −m selects		Select the input file combining method; for some of these, short options are available: −m selects
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	See Input File Combining above for a description of the different combining methods.		See Input File Combining above for a description of the different combining methods.
	===== −D, −−no−dither =====		==== −D, −−no−dither ====

	Disable automatic dither—see ‘Dithering’ above. A n e xample of why t his might occasionally be useful is if a file has been converted from 16 to 24 bit with the intention of doing some processing on it, but in fact no processing is needed after all and the original 16 bit file has been lost, then, strictly speaking, no dither is needed if converting the file back to 16 bit. See also the stats effect for how to determine the actual bit depth of the audio within a file.		Disable automatic dither—see ‘Dithering’ above. A n e xample of why t his might occasionally be useful is if a file has been converted from 16 to 24 bit with the intention of doing some processing on it, but in fact no processing is needed after all and the original 16 bit file has been lost, then, strictly speaking, no dither is needed if converting the file back to 16 bit. See also the stats effect for how to determine the actual bit depth of the audio within a file.

	===== −−effects−file FILENAME =====		==== −−effects−file FILENAME ====

	Use FILENAME to obtain all effects and their arguments. The file is parsed as if the values were specified on the command line. A new line can be used in place of the special : marker to separate effect chains. For convenience, such markers at the end of the file are normally ignored; if you		Use FILENAME to obtain all effects and their arguments. The file is parsed as if the values were specified on the command line. A new line can be used in place of the special : marker to separate effect chains. For convenience, such markers at the end of the file are normally ignored; if you